Method of mending a groinal defect

ABSTRACT

A method of mending a groinal defect such as an indirect inguinal hernia, a direct inguinal hernia, and/or a femoral hernia. A space between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis is dissected superiorly and laterally to create a site for receiving a lateral portion of a prosthetic repair patch. Dissection medially and inferiorly between the two aponeuroses leads to a transversalis fascia, which is explored downwardly and, at the pubic bone, dissected to reach the preperitoneal space of Retzius. A medial portion of a prosthetic repair patch may be positioned in the space of Retzius with a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch positioned in the dissected space between the two aponeuroses. So positioned, the prosthetic repair patch protects the myopectineal orifice that is susceptible to each of the indirect inguinal hernia, direct inguinal hernia, and femoral hernia.

FIELD

The field relates to surgical procedures and, more specifically, to a surgical method for mending a groinal defect.

BACKGROUND

Groinal hernias are typically characterized as indirect inguinal hernias, direct inguinal hernias, and femoral hernias. It is known to repair such hernias by covering the defect with a prosthetic repair patch. In the classic ‘Lichtenstein’ procedure, the patch is placed anteriorly of the transversalis fascia. Alternatively, the patch may be positioned posteriorly of the transversalis fascia, between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum—this location being known as the ‘preperitoneal space’. A prosthetic repair patch may be delivered laparoscopically to the preperitoneal space in a procedure known as TEP—“Totally Extra Peritoneal”. Alternatively, a prosthetic repair patch may be placed in the preperitoneal space via an ‘open’ procedure. Two common open procedures for preperitoneal placement of a prosthetic repair patch include the POLYSOFT Hernia Patch procedure and the Kugel procedure. In the POLYSOFT approach, access to the preperitoneal space is through the defect itself. In the Kugel procedure, an opening is formed directly through the three layers overlying the preperitoneal space—the external oblique aponeurosis, the internal oblique aponeurosis, and the transversalis fascia. In both the POLYSOFT procedure and the Kugel procedure, the prosthetic repair patch is positioned in a single tissue plane between the peritoneum and the transversalis fascia.

SUMMARY

Methods are provided for mending a groinal defect, specifically defects of the myopectineal orifice including an indirect inguinal hernia, direct inguinal hernia, and/or a femoral hernia. In certain aspects, a method is provided for reaching a preperitoneal space without having to penetrate through a groinal defect and without having to dissect through the internal oblique aponeurosis. In other aspects, a method of repairing a groinal defect is provided where a prosthetic repair patch is positioned in two different tissue planes in the groinal region; only one of the tissue planes being preperitoneal.

In one embodiment, a method of mending a groinal defect includes dissecting inferiorly between an external oblique aponeurosis and an internal oblique aponeurosis to reach the transversalis fascia, and then dissecting through the transversalis fascia at the area of the pubic bone into the preperitoneal space, such as the space of Retzius. The method may further include implanting a prosthetic repair patch that extends from the preperitoneal space to the dissected area between the external oblique aponeurosis and an internal oblique aponeurosis.

In another embodiment, a method of mending a groinal defect includes positioning a medial portion of a prosthetic repair patch posteriorly of a transversalis fascia in a pre-peritoneal space, and positioning a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch anteriorly of the transversalis fascia. More particularly, the method may include an open procedure where a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch is placed in a surgically created space between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis, and a medial portion of the prosthetic repair patch is placed in the space of Retzius.

In a further embodiment, a method of mending a groinal defect includes, in an open procedure, creating an access through a transversalis fascia and into a preperitoneal space, such as the space of Retzius, and then positioning a portion of a prosthetic repair patch in the preperitoneal space and another portion of the prosthetic repair patch anteriorly of the transversalis fascia.

The foregoing is a non-limiting summary of the invention, which is defined by the attached claims. Other aspects, embodiments, features will become apparent from the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a prosthetic repair patch extending from behind the pubic bone in the space of Retzius to a dissected space between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis;

FIG. 2 is another illustration of a prosthetic repair patch implanted according to the present procedure; and

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a representative repair patch for use in the disclosed procedure for mending a groinal defect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be understood that aspects of the invention are described herein with reference to the figures, which show illustrative embodiments in accordance with aspects of the invention. The illustrative embodiments described herein are not necessarily intended to show all aspects of the invention, but rather are used to describe a few illustrative embodiments. Thus, aspects of the invention are not intended to be construed narrowly in view of the illustrative embodiments. It should be appreciated, then, that the various concepts and embodiments discussed herein may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the invention may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the invention.

An open procedure is described for mending a groinal defect including, but not limited to, one or more of an indirect inguinal hernia, a direct inguinal hernia, a femoral hernia and/or other weakness or rupture of the groinal anatomy. The phrase “mending a groinal defect” includes acts of repairing, augmenting, and/or reconstructing a groinal defect and/or a potential groinal defect. Although the open procedure is described in connection with placing a prosthetic repair patch at the defect site, the treatment is not so limited and other medical responses to a defect of the groin that employ the surgically created pathway disclosed herein also are contemplated.

In one embodiment, an open procedure creates a space between the external oblique aponeurosis 1 and the internal oblique aponeurosis 2 superiorly and laterally to an incision site. This space may be configured to receive a lateral portion 11 of a prosthetic repair patch. Medially and inferiorly of the dissected space between the two oblique aponeuroses, and remote from the groinal defect, the transversalis fascia 3 is penetrated to reach the space of Retzius 8—an area located deep of the pubic bone 5 and anteriorly of the peritoneum 4. A surgically created pathway now runs from the space of Retzius 8, a preperitoneal space, to the dissected area between the external oblique aponeurosis 1 and the internal oblique aponeurosis 2. A patch may be implanted along this pathway, with a lateral portion 11 positioned in the dissected space between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis and a medial portion 6 extending through the transversalis fascia to the preperitoneal area of the pubic bone 5. An intermediate portion runs with the spermatic cord, extending transversely between the medial and lateral portions of the prosthetic repair patch. A slit may be provided in the lateral portion to define two separable portions, referred to as “tails”, that may be spread apart to accommodate the spermatic cord. Subsequently, the tails are reunited and, if desired, sutured together or otherwise secured.

More specifically, a representative procedure for treating an inguinal hernia, whether an indirect or direct inguinal hernia, will now be described. A small transverse incision, approximately 3 cm long, is made about two fingers breadths above and lateral to the pubic synthesis. The incision is lateral to the rectus muscles and avoids the superficial anterior branches of the iliohypogastric nerve and the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve. The anterior surface of Scarpa's fascia is then exposed. Blunt dissection of Scarpa's fascia exposes the anterior surface of the external oblique aponeurosis 1. Further dissection of the external oblique aponeurosis exposes the underlying internal oblique aponeurosis 2—which is not dissected or otherwise opened. Dissection proceeds between the two oblique aponeuroses laterally and superiorly to approximately the superior iliac spine; for example, the surgeon's finger may be swept between the respective tissue planes, creating a space to receive a lateral portion 11 of a prosthetic repair patch. Medially, a probing finger facing upwards is swept to identify the spermatic cord 10, which is then elevated out of the incision. The cord is explored for the presence of an indirect hernia and, if found, the sac contents are reduced and the excess sac ligated or removed as appropriate. If a direct hernia is identified, the sac and contents may be reduced into the abdominal cavity. The transversalis fascia 3 is then digitally explored down to the public bone 5. Here, the transversalis fascia 3 is penetrated, for example, by plunging the surgeon's finger through the fascia to create an opening that leads to the preperitoneal space of Retzius 8. The space of Retzius 8 may be dissected to configure the location for receipt of a medial portion 6 of a prosthetic repair patch. A sterile gauze may be inserted into the incision and advanced down towards the pubic bone to bluntly dissect the space that will receive the prosthetic repair patch.

A medial portion 6 of a prosthetic repair patch can now be advanced down the surgically created access to the preperitoneal space of Retzius 8 behind the pubic bone 5, while a lateral portion 11 of the patch can now be located in the dissected space between the external and internal oblique aponeuroses. An intermediate portion of the patch runs down from the lateral portion along the spermatic cord 10 and posteriorly of the transversalis fascia 3 to the medial portion 6, such that the implanted patch may approximate an S-shape as shown in FIG. 2. The patch should be sufficiently flexible to allow placement of portions of the patch in and along these different tissue planes. No fixation of the medial or lateral portions of the patch is required. With the prosthetic repair patch in place and covering one or more of the groinal defects of interest and, in certain embodiments, completely protecting the myopectineal orifice so as to extend about all of the areas susceptible to indirect inguinal hernia, direct inguinal hernia and femoral hernia, the external oblique aponeurosis and the initial incision may be closed, such as by suturing, stapling and the like.

A representative prosthetic repair patch suitable for use in this procedure includes the POLYSOFT Hernia Patch available from Davol Inc., a subsidiary of C.R. Bard, Inc. The POLYSOFT Hernia Patch includes a body portion of tissue infiltratable knit fabric, such as BARD MESH, and an interrupted memory recoil ring that is integrated with the body portion to facilitate manipulation and deployment of the patch. A slit may be provided in the patch between the interrupted ends of the ring to create a pair of separable tails for accommodating the spermatic cord. The POLYSOFT Hernia Patch is sized to protect the myopectineal orifice and, thus, the anatomy susceptible to indirect hernia, direct hernia and femoral hernia; however, patches that are configured to protect only one or more of these groinal regions of interest also are contemplated. The POLYSOFT Hernia Patch, a planar-type patch with an oval configuration, is shown in FIG. 3.

The patch may be formed of any fabric suitable for repair or augmentation of a soft tissue defect. Without limiting the foregoing, the fabric may constitute a resorbable material, a permanent material, or a hybrid of resorbable and permanent materials. Non-limiting examples of resorbable fabric materials include resorbable polyesters such as polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polydioxanone (PDO), polycaprolactone (PCL), any other resorbable polyester, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), as well as collagen, calcium alginate and combinations of any of the foregoing. Permanent fabric materials include polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other non-resorbable polymers having application in soft tissue repair fabrics. Some or all of the patch may be configured to promote tissue ingrowth into interstices of the patch and/or around the patch, or to discourage same. Thus, the patch may be porous, micro-porous, or essentially non-porous, and different regions of the patch may have different porosity characteristics. If desired some or all of the surfaces of the patch may include a barrier that is resistant to adhesions with sensitive organs or tissue. The patch may be loaded with one or more medicinal or therapeutic agents including, but not limited to, an analgesic or antibiotic. The patch may be formed of one or more layers, with the layers having the same or different properties including, but not limited to, material composition. The patch may in the form of a planar-like sheet, and may be configured with convexity, concavity, a combination of convexity and concavity, and other shapes. As observed earlier, the patch may be flexible to facilitate placement of portions of the patch in different tissue planes. As in the POLYSOFT Hernia Patch, the patch for use in the disclosed methodology may include a ring or other support feature to aid in handling and deployment thereof. Such a ring may be made of a permanent or a resorbable material.

It should be understood that the foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention are intended merely to be illustrative thereof and that other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents of the invention are within the scope of the invention recited in the claims appended hereto. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of mending a groinal defect, comprising the acts of: dissecting inferiorly between an external oblique aponeurosis and an internal oblique aponeurosis to reach a transversalis fascia; penetrating through the transversalis fascia adjacent a pubic bone into a preperitoneal space; and positioning a medial portion of a prosthetic repair patch in the preperitoneal space.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preperitoneal space includes the space of Retzius.
 3. The method recited in claim 2, further including the act of dissecting, superiorly and laterally, between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis to create a space for a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch.
 4. The method recited in claim 3, wherein the act of dissecting superiorly and laterally includes dissecting between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis to about the iliac spine.
 5. The method recited in claim 3, further including the act of positioning a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch in the space created by the superior and lateral dissection between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis.
 6. The method recited in claim 5, wherein the act of positioning the lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch includes the act of locating a spermatic cord through a slit in the lateral portion.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the locating act includes first externalizing a spermatic cord, and then extending the externalized spermatic cord through the lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch.
 8. The method of claim 5, further including the act of positioning an intermediate portion of the prosthetic repair patch along a portion of a spermatic cord, such that the intermediate portion extends transversely to the lateral portion positioned between the external oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique aponeurosis and to the medial portion positioned in the preperitoneal space of Retzius.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the act of positioning the medial portion of the prosthetic repair patch includes positioning the medial portion deep of the pubic bone.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the groinal defect includes at least one of an indirect hernia, a direct hernia, and a femoral hernia.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the acts of positioning the lateral portion, medial portion, and intermediate portion of the prosthetic repair patch, includes the act of protecting a myopectineal orifice with the prosthetic repair patch.
 12. A method of mending a groinal defect, comprising the acts of: positioning a medial portion of a prosthetic repair patch in a pre-peritoneal space posteriorly of the transversalis fascia; and positioning a lateral portion of the prosthetic repair patch anteriorly of the transversalis fascia; wherein the prosthetic repair patch covers the groinal defect.
 13. The method recited in claim 12, wherein the medial portion positioning act includes positioning the medial portion of the prosthetic repair patch deep of a pubic bone in the space of Retzius.
 14. The method recited in claim 13, wherein the lateral portion positioning act includes positioning the lateral portion between the external oblique aponeurosis and the internal oblique aponeurosis.
 15. The method recited in claim 13, wherein the groinal defect includes at least one of an indirect inguinal hernia, a direct inguinal hernia, and a femoral hernia.
 16. The method recited in claim 15, wherein the prosthetic repair patch completely protects the myopectineal orifice. 